A Dimmer is an electronic device that uses PWM signals to control the speed and direction of a motor. It works by varying the width of the pulses to adjust the average voltage applied to the motor, thereby controlling its speed.
Components Used:
- 9014 Transistor
- 510 Ohm
- 33k Ohm
- Red LED * 5
- Green LED * 5
- 22uf Capacitor
- Connector
- 3.7v Battery
Gerber File:
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Circuit Diagram:
9014 Transistor:
The 9014 is a low-power, general-purpose NPN transistor used in many small signal and low-voltage applications. It is designed for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Due to its low cost and easy availability, it’s a favorite among hobbyists and engineers alike.
🔍 Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Type | NPN |
| Collector-Emitter Voltage (Vce) | 45V |
| Collector-Base Voltage (Vcb) | 50V |
| Emitter-Base Voltage (Veb) | 5V |
| Collector Current (Ic) | 800mA |
| Power Dissipation | 625mW |
| DC Current Gain (hFE) | 64–400 |
| Transition Frequency (fT) | 250 MHz |
| Package Type | TO-92 |
9014 Transistor
The 9014 transistor comes in a TO-92 package, which has three terminals:
E (Emitter) – Current flows out from here.
B (Base) – Controls the transistor.
C (Collector) – Current flows into this terminal.
Modes of operation:
Cut-off Region (OFF): No base current → No collector current.
Active Region (Amplifier): Small base current → Proportional collector current.
Saturation Region (ON/Switching): Base current high → Maximum collector current.
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